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The Food Safety and Consumer Protection Act is the central legal foundation for food legislation in Austria. Infringement of food regulations can lead to measures under criminal law and consumer damage claims under civil law, whereby the final decision rests with the courts. Government measures with regard to food safety are often based on scientific risk assessments. However, the final decision on the legality of governmental measures rests with the courts.
The Food Law is the central legal foundation for food legislation in Bulgaria. Infringement of food regulations can lead to measures under criminal law and consumer damage claims under civil law, whereby the final decision rests with the courts. Government measures with regard to food safety are often based on scientific risk assessments. However, the final decision on the legality of governmental measures rests with the courts.


In Austria, risk assessment and risk management are largely institutionally separated. Risk assessments are published on the Internet.
In Bulgaria, an institutional separation of risk assessment and risk management has been in place since 2016.


== Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection ==
In January 2011, the Bulgarian Parliament, following a political decision, established a new public authority by adopting the Law on the Bulgarian Food Safety Agency (BFSA). BFSA, within the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (MAFF), is responsible for the official control on safety of food and feed throughout the food chain. Together with the agency, a Risk Assessment Center was created.
Initially the RACFCH was established in 2011 and functioned within BFSA structure until 2016. Since 01 October 2016, following another political decision, the Law on RACFCH was adopted and the center was separated from the agency as an independent legal entity under MAFF. RACFCH is the main authority in Bulgaria engaged in risk assessment and risk communication related to the food chain. Its risk assessments and scientific opinions are published on the Internet unless there are statutory provisions that prohibit it.
 
MAFF is responsible for agricultural policy along the food chain. It prepares draft legislation related to food and feed safety and is responsible for implementing official controls of food and feed.
 
== Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name
|Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection
|Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry
|-
|-
!Acronym
!Acronym
|BMSGPK
|MAFF
|-
|-
!Activities
!Activities
|
|
*Health policy, food safety
*Risk management
*Consumer protection
*Risk communication
*Risk management, risk communication
*EFSA CEN representative
*Codex Contact Point
*RASFF contact point
|-
|-
!Responsibilities
!Responsibilities
|[[File:AnimalHealth.png|Animal health and welfare|link=Animal health and welfare|25px]] [[File:BiologicalHazards.png|Biological hazards and zoonoses|link=Biological hazards and zoonoses|25px]] [[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:Contaminants.png|Contaminants|link=Contaminants|25px]] [[File:DrinkingWater.png|Drinking water|link=Drinking water|25px]] [[File:EmergingRisk.png|Emerging risk|link=Emerging risk|25px]] [[File:FoodContactMaterials.png|Food contact materials and packaging|link=Food contact materials and packaging|25px]] [[File:FoodIngredients.png|Food ingredients|link=Food ingredients|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:MineralWater.png|Mineral water|link=Mineral water|25px]] [[File:Nanotechnology.png|Nanotechnology|link=Nanotechnology|25px]] [[File:NovelFood.png|Novel foods|link=Novel foods|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]] [[File:ResiduesVeterinary.png|Residues of veterinary medicinal products|link=Residues of veterinary medicinal products|25px]]
|[[File:AnimalFeed.png|Animal feed|link=Animal feed|25px]] [[File:BiologicalHazards.png|Biological hazards and zoonoses|link=Biological hazards and zoonoses|25px]] [[File:Contaminants.png|Contaminants|link=Contaminants|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:NovelFood.png|Novel foods|link=Novel foods|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]] [[File:ResiduesVeterinary.png|Residues of veterinary medicinal products|link=Residues of veterinary medicinal products|25px]]
|-
|-
!Location
!Location
|Vienna
|Sofia
|-
|-
!URL
!URL
|https://www.sozialministerium.at/en
|https://www.mzh.government.bg/en/
|}
|}


The Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection (BMSGPK) prepares draft legislation in the field of food safety based on scientific risk assessments conducted by the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES). The BMSGPK is responsible for the coordination of state food inspections and can issue national regulations in the area of food safety.
Within the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (MAFF), the Agro-Food Chain Policy Directorate is responsible for the development, coordination and implementation of the state policy in the fields of quality and safety of food and feed, animal health, plant health and plant reproductive material, and border control on food chain safety. The Directorate is responsible for preparations and is involved in the development and coordination of draft legislative acts in the respective fields, coordination of control authorities within the Ministry, and in the coordination and preparation of a single multiannual national control plan in implementation of Regulation (EU) 2017/625. It also coordinates activities of the Ministry with the Ministry of Health, other agencies and branch organisations in the context of the quality and safety of food and feed, animal health, plant health and plant reproductive material, and border control along the food chain, and also coordinates activities between the Ministry and Bulgarian Food Safety Agency (BFSA). The Agro-Food Chain Policy Directorate is also responsible for market authorisation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It also serves as the national contact point in the Republic of Bulgaria for the following systems: Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), Administrative Assistance and Cooperation System (AAC), Food Fraud Network, the integrated computerised veterinary system called TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System), Plant Protection Products Application Management System (PPPAMS) of the European Commission, International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN), and maintains their functioning.
 
== Ministry of Health ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
|Ministry of Health
|-
!Acronym
|MH
|-
!Activities
|
*Risk communication
*Risk management
|-
!Responsibilities
|[[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:Contaminants.png|Contaminants|link=Contaminants|25px]] [[File:DrinkingWater.png|Drinking water|link=Drinking water|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:MineralWater.png|Mineral water|link=Mineral water|25px]] [[File:NovelFood.png|Novel foods|link=Novel foods|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]]
|-
!Location
|Sofia
|-
!URL
|http://www.mh.government.bg/en/
|}


The BMSGPK’s portfolio includes food, novel foods, food supplements, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), zoonoses, mineral water, drinking water, residues of plant protection products and veterinary drugs, medical devices and medicinal products. Furthermore, the BMSGPK is responsible for approving pilot studies with regard to the cultivation of genetically modified plants. It is also responsible for approving the use of GMOs in conjunction with food and feed.
The Ministry of Health (MH) is responsible for health policy and safety of bottled natural mineral, spring and table water (Directive 98/83/EC) and the investigation of foodborne outbreaks. In the area of food safety, MH is involved in drafting EU horizontal legislation and is responsible for the harmonisation of that legislation into national provisions as well as the coordination of inspection of control activities, which are carried out by Regional Health Inspectorates. The national centres of public health under MH conduct risk assessment on issues related to human health.


The remit of the BMSGPK extends beyond food safety to include animal health and animal welfare, for example.
The portfolio of MH encompasses, amongst other things, novel foods, baby food, foods for special medical purposes, health claims, food supplements, GMOs, contaminants and residues of plant protection products and food contact materials. Two National Reference Laboratories are attached to the MH pursuant to Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004 for GMOs and for food contact materials.


== Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism ==
== NameOfInstitution ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name
|Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism
|NameOfInstitution
|-
|-
!Acronym
!Acronym
|BMLRT
|MEOW
|-
|-
!Activities
!Activities
|
|
*Agricultural policy, food and feed safety
*Risk communication
*Risk management and communication
*Risk management
*Codex Contact Point
|-
|-
!Responsibilities
!Responsibilities
|[[File:AnimalFeed.png|Animal feed|link=Animal feed|25px]] [[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:PlantHealth.png|Plant health|link=Plant health|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]]
|[[File:DrinkingWater.png|Drinking water|link=Drinking water|25px]]
 
|-
|-
!Location
!Location
|Vienna
|Sofia
|-
|-
!URL
!URL
|https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/english/
|https://www.moew.government.bg/en/
|}
|}


The Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism (BMLRT) is responsible for agricultural policy and food safety during primary food production. It prepares draft legislation in the field of feed and groundwater based on scientific risk assessments conducted by the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES). The BMLRT is authorised to issue national regulations with regard to feed and groundwater.
The Ministry of Environment and Water (MOEW) deals with environmental policy and the management and protection of water.


The work of the BMLRT is supported by the Federal Office for Food Safety (BAES). The BMLRT’s area of work extends beyond the field of food safety to include plant health and plant protection.
== Bulgarian Food Safety Agency ==
 
== Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name
|Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety
|Bulgarian Food Safety Agency
|-
|-
!Acronym
!Acronym
|AGES
|BFSA
|-
|-
!Activities
!Activities
|
|
*Risk assessment
*Risk management
*Risk communication
*Risk communication
*EFSA Focal Point
*RASFF contact point
*Research
|-
|-
!Responsibilities
!Responsibilities
|[[File:AnimalFeed.png|Animal feed|link=Animal feed|25px]] [[File:AnimalHealth.png|Animal health and welfare|link=Animal health and welfare|25px]] [[File:BiologicalHazards.png|Biological hazards and zoonoses|link=Biological hazards and zoonoses|25px]] [[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:Contaminants.png|Contaminants|link=Contaminants|25px]] [[File:DrinkingWater.png|Drinking water|link=Drinking water|25px]] [[File:EmergingRisk.png|Emerging risk|link=Emerging risk|25px]] [[File:FoodContactMaterials.png|Food contact materials and packaging|link=Food contact materials and packaging|25px]] [[File:FoodIngredients.png|Food ingredients|link=Food ingredients|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:MineralWater.png|Mineral water|link=Mineral water|25px]] [[File:NovelFood.png|Novel foods|link=Novel foods|25px]] [[File:Nutrition.png|Nutrition|link=Nutrition|25px]] [[File:PlantHealth.png|Plant health|link=Plant health|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]] [[File:ResiduesVeterinary.png|Residues of veterinary medicinal products|link=Residues of veterinary medicinal products|25px]]
|[[File:AnimalFeed.png|Animal feed|link=Animal feed|25px]] [[File:AnimalHealth.png|Animal health and welfare|link=Animal health and welfare|25px]] [[File:BiologicalHazards.png|Biological hazards and zoonoses|link=Biological hazards and zoonoses|25px]] [[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:Contaminants.png|Contaminants|link=Contaminants|25px]] [[File:FoodContactMaterials.png|Food contact materials and packaging|link=Food contact materials and packaging|25px]] [[File:FoodIngredients.png|Food ingredients|link=Food ingredients|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:PlantHealth.png|Plant health|link=Plant health|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]] [[File:ResiduesVeterinary.png|Residues of veterinary medicinal products|link=Residues of veterinary medicinal products|25px]]
|-
|-
!Location
!Location
|Vienna
|Sofia
|-
|-
!URL
!URL
|http://www.ages.at/en/
|http://www.babh.government.bg/en/
|}
|}


The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) is a limited liability company (GmbH) owned by the BMSGPK and BMLRT. AGES has a mandate from the Republic of Austria to prepare scientific risk assessments and conduct transparent risk communication with the public at large, scientists and other interested or involved groups. Independent of any scientific, political or social interests AGES prepares scientific risk assessments, identifies new health risks and prepares recommendations for risk reduction. AGES risk assessments are used by the BMSGPK and the BMLRT and by local authorities as the foundation for their management measures.
The Bulgarian Food Safety Agency (BFSA) is a specialised body under MAFF that is responsible for the official controls of safety of food and feed throughout the food chain. BFSA incorporates the former National Veterinary Service, the former National Plant Protection Service, and the former National Grain and Feed Service, as well as the regional food health inspectors, who were responsible for the control of food of non-animal origin in the Regional Health Inspectorates (former Regional Inspectorates for Public Health Protection and Control) under MH and the quality compliance of fresh fruits and vegetables (under MAFF) with the European Commission standards for placing on the market.


AGES’ remit includes food and feed safety, novel foods, food supplements, GMOs, zoonoses, mineral water, residues of plant protection products and veterinary medicinal products. AGES is also active in the fields of animal health, plant health, plant protection, soil health, fertilisers, seeds, bee health, radiation protection, medicines and medical devices. AGES is also involved in active research. AGES has scientific analytical laboratory facilities for all of its areas of activity.
BFSA is the competent government authority responsible for official controls in Bulgaria with respect to phytosanitary issues, plant protection products and fertilisers, veterinary activities, animal health and welfare, animal by-products not intended for human consumption, feedstuff, raw materials and foodstuff, with the exception of bottled natural mineral, spring and table water, materials and articles intended for contact with food, and the quality compliance of fresh fruits and vegetables with the European Commission standards for placing on the market. BFSA comprises 14 departments/directorates, which are aligned with the above-mentioned activities.


There are 60 National Reference Laboratories pursuant to Regulation (EC) No. 625/2017 and reference laboratories in the fields of veterinary medicine and human medicine attached to AGES.
The agency’s central office is in Sofia. It also has 28 regional food safety directorates distributed across the country as well as five specialised structures: the National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Institute, the Central Laboratory for Veterinary Control and Ecology, the Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control, the Central Laboratory for Plant Quarantine, and the Central Laboratory for Qualification of Grain and Feed.


The regulatory authority for veterinary drugs is assigned to the Federal Office for Safety in Health Care (BASG). The BASG is also an authority within the organisational structure of AGES. The BASG issues and monitors the market authorisation of medicinal products and other medical devices.
== NameOfInstitution ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
|Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain
|-
!Acronym
|RACFCH
|-
!Activities
|
*Risk assessment
*Risk communication
*EFSA Advisory Forum
*EFSA Focal Point
|-
!Responsibilities
|[[File:AnimalFeed.png|Animal feed|link=Animal feed|25px]] [[File:AnimalHealth.png|Animal health and welfare|link=Animal health and welfare|25px]] [[File:BiologicalHazards.png|Biological hazards and zoonoses|link=Biological hazards and zoonoses|25px]] [[File:EmergingRisk.png|Emerging risk|link=Emerging risk|25px]] [[File:FoodContactMaterials.png|Food contact materials and packaging|link=Food contact materials and packaging|25px]] [[File:FoodIngredients.png|Food ingredients|link=Food ingredients|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:NovelFood.png|Novel foods|link=Novel foods|25px]] [[File:Nutrition.png|Nutrition|link=Nutrition|25px]] [[File:PlantHealth.png|Plant health|link=Plant health|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]] [[File:ResiduesVeterinary.png|Residues of veterinary medicinal products|link=Residues of veterinary medicinal products|25px]]
|-
!Location
|Sofia
|-
!URL
|http://corhv.government.bg/?lang=_en
http://focalpointbg.com
|}


== Federal Office for Food Safety ==
The Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain (RACFCH) was created by the adoption of the Law on RACFCH and its Code of Organisation in 2016. It is managed by a director and assisted by an Advisory Board (on which MAFF and MH are represented). RACFCH is an independent legal entity within the structure of MAFF, a second level budget unit to the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. RACFCH provides independent scientific assessments of risks related to food safety, human health, animal health and welfare, food and feed additives, GMOs, dietetic products, nutrition and allergens, materials and articles intended for contact with food, enzymes, flavourings and supporting substances, biological hazards, contaminants, plant health and plant protection. RACFCH carries out activities for the approval, renewal, and review of approval of active substances, safeners and synergists with the terms and conditions of Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. RACFCH works in close collaboration with EFSA and other national and international scientific institutions in the food and feed risk assessment area. The EFSA Advisory Forum representative and the national EFSA Focal Point are located within RACFCH.
 
== National Center of Public Health and Analysis ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name
|Federal Office for Food Safety
|National Center of Public Health and Analysis
|-
|-
!Acronym
!Acronym
|BAES
|NCPHA
|-
|-
!Activities
!Activities
|
|
*Risk management
*Risk assessment
*Risk communication
|-
|-
!Responsibilities
!Responsibilities
|[[File:AnimalFeed.png|Animal feed|link=Animal feed|25px]] [[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:PlantHealth.png|Plant health|link=Plant health|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]]
|[[File:Biotechnology.png|Biotechnology and genetic engineering|link=Biotechnology and genetic engineering|25px]] [[File:Contaminants.png|Contaminants|link=Contaminants|25px]] [[File:FoodSupplements.png|Food supplements|link=Food supplements|25px]] [[File:MineralWater.png|Mineral water|link=Mineral water|25px]] [[File:NovelFood.png|Novel foods|link=Novel foods|25px]] [[File:PlantProtection.png|Plant protection products or pesticides|link=Plant protection products or pesticides|25px]] [[File:ResiduesVeterinary.png|Residues of veterinary medicinal products|link=Residues of veterinary medicinal products|25px]]
|-
|-
!Location
!Location
|Vienna
|Sofia
|-
|-
!URL
!URL
|http://www.baes.gv.at/en/
|https://www.ncpha.government.bg/en/
|}
|}


The Federal Office for Food Safety (BAES) was established by the Austrian Health and Food Safety Act. It is associated with AGES. AGES provides the BAES with the manpower and the infrastructure needed to execute its sovereign functions as a federal authority. The BAES is responsible for the coordination and implementation of state inspections of animal feed. It is also the regulatory authority for plant protection products. The area of work of the BAES extends beyond the field of animal feed to include plant health.
The National Center of Public Health and Analyses (NCPHA) is subordinate to MH and deals with health protection, health education and nutrition. NCPHA is responsible for the publication of risk assessments in the field of nutrition and hygiene and is also responsible for microbiological hazards, contaminants, biological hazards, chemical contaminants in the food chain, residues of plant protection products, GMOs, food contact materials, heavy metals, food supplements, food additives, novel foods and mineral water.
Regional and local levels


== Regional and local levels ==
== Regional and local levels ==
 
Bulgaria consists of 28 administrative regions with 264 municipalities. Inspections at regional and local levels are conducted by authorities that are subordinate to the central government (headquarters). Both MH and MAFF have 28 regional services which report their activities to the central level in the ministries.
Austria consists of nine federal states which are divided into 117 districts. Each district is further subdivided into several municipalities. Depending on the distribution of statutory competencies, the responsibility for the implementation of food inspections is held by federal authorities or regional authorities of the nine federal states.
{| class="wikitable"  
 
! Institutions involved in the EFSA network pursuant to Article 36 Reg. (EC) No. 178/2002
The BMSGPK has transferred the coordination and implementation of federal inspections for all aspects of food safety to the federal states of Austria (food safety inspections are conducted at a regional and local level).
 
In contrast, the coordination and implementation of animal feed inspections is not delegated to the federal states, it is responsibility of the BAES (national level).
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Institutions involved in the EFSA network pursuant to Article 36 Reg. (EC) No. 178/2002
|-
|-
|
|
#Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH, AGES) (EFSA Focal Point)
#Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain (RACFCH) (EFSA Focal Point)
#Environment Agency Austria (Umweltbundesamt GmbH)  
#AgroBioInstitute
#University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, BOKU)
#The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
#University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Universität für Veterinärmedizin)  
#Institute of Food Preservation and Quality
#Medical University of Graz (Medizinische Universität)
#National Center of Public Health and Analyses (NCPHA)  
#Graz University of Technology (Technische Universität Graz)
#Trakia University
#Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod
#Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics
#Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technology (ICFT)
#National University of Food Technologies
#Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnology and Plant Protection
#Central Laboratory of Veterinary Control and Ecology
#Agricultural University Plovdiv
#Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute
#National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical institute (NDRVMI)
#Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction “Acad. Kiril Bratanov” (BAS)
#University of Forestry, Sofia
|}
|}
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