Difference between revisions of "Germany (Test)/en/de"

The main focus of the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) is on risk management. In the field of food safety, BVL supports the cooperation between the BMEL, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV) and the federal states. Together with the federal states, BVL coordinates programmes for control of food and monitoring, including monitoring of zoonoses. On behalf of the federal states, BVL hosts the Common Central Unit ‘Control of Food, Feed, Cosmetics, Consumer Goods and Tobacco Products Traded on the Internet’ (G@ZIELT). BVL is the German national contact point for the inspections of the European Commission, for the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) as well as the Administrative Assistance and Cooperation System (AAC) of the European Union, and in this role secures the flow of information between the EU and the Federal States. In times of crisis, it serves as a situation centre for the crisis management group of BMEL, and regularly organises crisis exercises with all relevant players. BVL collects and analyses data of official food and feed control and forwards them to EFSA. It serves as the contact point for the EU Food Fraud network. BVL also supports competent authorities and food associations in export matters and accompanies the registration process of food business operators in third countries.

The main focus of the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) is on risk management. In the field of food safety, BVL supports the cooperation between the BMEL, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV) and the federal states. Together with the federal states, BVL coordinates programmes for control of food and monitoring, including monitoring of zoonoses. On behalf of the federal states, BVL hosts the Common Central Unit ‘Control of Food, Feed, Cosmetics, Consumer Goods and Tobacco Products Traded on the Internet’ (G@ZIELT). BVL is the German national contact point for the inspections of the European Commission, for the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) as well as the Administrative Assistance and Cooperation System (AAC) of the European Union, and in this role secures the flow of information between the EU and the Federal States. In times of crisis, it serves as a situation centre for the crisis management group of BMEL, and regularly organises crisis exercises with all relevant players. BVL collects and analyses data of official food and feed control and forwards them to EFSA. It serves as the contact point for the EU Food Fraud network. BVL also supports competent authorities and food associations in export matters and accompanies the registration process of food business operators in third countries.

BVL is the regulatory authority for plant protection products and veterinary medicinal products. In its decision-making process, BVL generally draws on BfR risk assessments except for the authorisation of veterinary medicinal products where the expertise and responsibility are allocated at BVL. Based on risk assessments by other authorities, BVL decides on applications for the experimental scientific cultivation of genetically modified plants. Furthermore, BVL is involved in the EU marketing authorisation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed, feed additives and feedstuffs for particular nutritional purposes (dietetic feed).

BVL is the regulatory authority for plant protection products and veterinary medicinal products. In its decision-making process, BVL generally draws on BfR risk assessments except for the authorisation of veterinary medicinal products where the expertise and responsibility are allocated at BVL. Based on risk assessments by other authorities, BVL decides on applications for the experimental scientific cultivation of genetically modified plants. Furthermore, BVL is involved in the EU marketing authorisation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed, feed additives and feedstuffs for particular nutritional purposes (dietetic feed).

== Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut – Federal Research Institute for Animal Health ==

== Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut – Federal Research Institute for Animal Health ==

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|http://www.fli.de/en

|http://www.fli.de/en

|}

|}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

FLI acts as the National Reference Laboratory for designated animal diseases and is the national licensing authority for veterinary in vitro diagnostics. Internationally, FLI has been designated as the ‘Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe’ of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and hosts nine OIE reference laboratories as well as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research and two FAO Reference Centres (Classical Swine Fever, Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease).

FLI acts as the National Reference Laboratory for designated animal diseases and is the national licensing authority for veterinary in vitro diagnostics. Internationally, FLI has been designated as the ‘Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe’ of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and hosts nine OIE reference laboratories as well as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research and two FAO Reference Centres (Classical Swine Fever, Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease).

</div>

</div>

Furthermore, FLI is a member of the EU Reference Centre for Animal Welfare. As the national contact point, FLI scientifically supports the competent authorities in the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, Article 20, regarding the protection of animals at the time of killing.

Furthermore, FLI is a member of the EU Reference Centre for Animal Welfare. As the national contact point, FLI scientifically supports the competent authorities in the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, Article 20, regarding the protection of animals at the time of killing.

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

== Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants ==

== Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants ==

|http://www.julius-kuehn.de/en

|http://www.julius-kuehn.de/en

|}

|}

</div>

</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

The Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) is an independent higher federal authority and research institution. It is subordinate to BMEL. Tasks are stipulated in the German Crop Protection Act and the Gene Technology Act. The main task is to advise the German Federal Government concerning issues related to crop production, soil science, plant genetics, plant breeding, plant protection, plant health and bee protection.

The Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) is an independent higher federal authority and research institution. It is subordinate to BMEL. Tasks are stipulated in the German Crop Protection Act and the Gene Technology Act. The main task is to advise the German Federal Government concerning issues related to crop production, soil science, plant genetics, plant breeding, plant protection, plant health and bee protection.

</div>

</div>

Within the framework of zonal evaluation procedures as well as EU and national approval procedures, JKI evaluates plant protection products and their active ingredients for application on cultivated plants with regard to their efficacy and phytotoxicity. The effects on bees, non-target and useful organisms are also assessed. A further task closely related to the evaluation of plant protection products is the testing and listing of plant protection equipment to assess its suitability to meet application requirements.

Within the framework of zonal evaluation procedures as well as EU and national approval procedures, JKI evaluates plant protection products and their active ingredients for application on cultivated plants with regard to their efficacy and phytotoxicity. The effects on bees, non-target and useful organisms are also assessed. A further task closely related to the evaluation of plant protection products is the testing and listing of plant protection equipment to assess its suitability to meet application requirements.

JKI develops early warning systems, analyses and evaluates the risks of introduction, spread and harmful effects of quarantine pests and invasive alien species. JKI develops measures to prevent their introduction and spread and for their eradication. As the National Reference Laboratory for the diagnosis of pests on plants, JKI is the central point in the network of EU reference laboratories and diagnostic laboratories in Germany. JKI is involved in the approval procedure for the release and marketing of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). JKI investigates if and how new biotechnological processes should be applied in plant breeding and how they should be integrated into sustainable plant production and what risk potentials and possible need for regulation are associated with this.

JKI develops early warning systems, analyses and evaluates the risks of introduction, spread and harmful effects of quarantine pests and invasive alien species. JKI develops measures to prevent their introduction and spread and for their eradication. As the National Reference Laboratory for the diagnosis of pests on plants, JKI is the central point in the network of EU reference laboratories and diagnostic laboratories in Germany. JKI is involved in the approval procedure for the release and marketing of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). JKI investigates if and how new biotechnological processes should be applied in plant breeding and how they should be integrated into sustainable plant production and what risk potentials and possible need for regulation are associated with this.

== Max Rubner-Institut – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food ==

== Max Rubner-Institut – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food ==

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|https://www.mri.bund.de/en/home/

|https://www.mri.bund.de/en/home/

|}

|}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

The Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) advises BMEL in the field of consumer health protection in the nutrition sector. Important research priorities are the investigation of the nutritional and health-related value of food, work in the field of food safety, and quality and bioprocess engineering. The effect of nutrition is considered from the molecular and cellular level up to the whole organism. Research on nutritional behaviour and the influence of nutrition on the development of children are also of particular importance. MRI addresses beneficial nutritional effects of food, food constituents as well as novel foods. It advises BMEL in terms of dietary prevention of non-communicable diseases and contributes to the process of conducting benefit assessments of food. Four of the nine departments conduct research on a specific food category, such as cereals, fats and oils, milk, fish, fruit, vegetables and meat. These departments focus on the entire food chain, from harvesting and production up to consumption.

The Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) advises BMEL in the field of consumer health protection in the nutrition sector. Important research priorities are the investigation of the nutritional and health-related value of food, work in the field of food safety, and quality and bioprocess engineering. The effect of nutrition is considered from the molecular and cellular level up to the whole organism. Research on nutritional behaviour and the influence of nutrition on the development of children are also of particular importance. MRI addresses beneficial nutritional effects of food, food constituents as well as novel foods. It advises BMEL in terms of dietary prevention of non-communicable diseases and contributes to the process of conducting benefit assessments of food. Four of the nine departments conduct research on a specific food category, such as cereals, fats and oils, milk, fish, fruit, vegetables and meat. These departments focus on the entire food chain, from harvesting and production up to consumption.

</div>

</div>

MRI collaborates with the departmental research institutes within the remit of BMEL, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, bacteriophages and pathogens (including zoonoses) in the food chain, trans-fatty acids, mineral oil components, plant toxins and mycotoxins as well as ergot and ergot alkaloids in foods and raw materials, standardization of analytical methods, and development of minimising strategies for undesirable substances in different foods and products. A network of experts in food authenticity as well as the validation of analytical methods relevant for the fight against food fraud is under development.

MRI collaborates with the departmental research institutes within the remit of BMEL, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, bacteriophages and pathogens (including zoonoses) in the food chain, trans-fatty acids, mineral oil components, plant toxins and mycotoxins as well as ergot and ergot alkaloids in foods and raw materials, standardization of analytical methods, and development of minimising strategies for undesirable substances in different foods and products. A network of experts in food authenticity as well as the validation of analytical methods relevant for the fight against food fraud is under development.

== Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut – Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries ==

== Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut – Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries ==

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|https://www.thuenen.de/en/

|https://www.thuenen.de/en/

|}

|}

In general, the Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (TI) carries out research and long term-monitoring and provides policy advice with regard to natural resources, protected assets as well as respective production systems and economic and societal issues in agriculture, fisheries, forestry and rural areas (see [https://www.thuenen.de/en/ Thünen Institute homepage] > TOPICS).

In general, the Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (TI) carries out research and long term-monitoring and provides policy advice with regard to natural resources, protected assets as well as respective production systems and economic and societal issues in agriculture, fisheries, forestry and rural areas (see [https://www.thuenen.de/en/ Thünen Institute homepage] > TOPICS).

EFSA-relevant activities at the TI focus on animal health and welfare, genetically modified organisms, environmental risk assessments, possible contaminants and their impact on humans (e.g. microplastics in fish and soils) and certain areas of plant health. Several of these activities are embedded in co-operations with FLI, JKI, MRI and other scientific partners in Germany and abroad.

EFSA-relevant activities at the TI focus on animal health and welfare, genetically modified organisms, environmental risk assessments, possible contaminants and their impact on humans (e.g. microplastics in fish and soils) and certain areas of plant health. Several of these activities are embedded in co-operations with FLI, JKI, MRI and other scientific partners in Germany and abroad.

== German Environment Agency ==

== German Environment Agency ==

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/

|https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/

|}

|}

== Regional and local levels ==

== Regional and local levels ==

Germany consists of 16 federal states (Länder) that vary greatly with regard to the size of each state (between approximately 1 and 18 million inhabitants per state). The 16 federal states of Germany are, in principle, responsible for the implementation of laws. Therefore, every state is responsible for the implementation of food and feed safety. The federal government supervises the federal states to ensure correct execution of the federal laws. In this task, the federal states are independent, i.e. not bound by instructions of the federal government.

Germany consists of 16 federal states (Länder) that vary greatly with regard to the size of each state (between approximately 1 and 18 million inhabitants per state). The 16 federal states of Germany are, in principle, responsible for the implementation of laws. Therefore, every state is responsible for the implementation of food and feed safety. The federal government supervises the federal states to ensure correct execution of the federal laws. In this task, the federal states are independent, i.e. not bound by instructions of the federal government.

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

In Germany, the federal states are responsible for food control. In most federal states, food control is divided into three levels: At the uppermost level, the responsible ministry coordinates the food control. Below that, the provincial authorities or the regional government offices are responsible for the supervisory control of the food control authorities in the district or municipal authorities (‘Kreise und Kreisfreie Städte’). These local offices for food and veterinary control carry out the investigations locally.

In Germany, the federal states are responsible for food control. In most federal states, food control is divided into three levels: At the uppermost level, the responsible ministry coordinates the food control. Below that, the provincial authorities or the regional government offices are responsible for the supervisory control of the food control authorities in the district or municipal authorities (‘Kreise und Kreisfreie Städte’). These local offices for food and veterinary control carry out the investigations locally.

</div>

</div>

== Article 36 institutions ==

== Article 36 institutions ==

{| class="wikitable"  

{| class="wikitable"  

!Institutions involved in the EFSA network pursuant to Article 36 Reg. (EC) No 178/2002

!Institutions involved in the EFSA network pursuant to Article 36 Reg. (EC) No 178/2002

#German Environment Agency (UBA) (Umweltbundesamt)

#German Environment Agency (UBA) (Umweltbundesamt)

|}

|}