The Ministry of Social Affairs (SM) deals with health policy in Estonia. It prepares draft legislation in the field of drinking water, mineral water and spring water. The SM, REM and KLIM work together in the field of GMOs. The Health Board (TA) and the State Agency of Medicines (RA) support the work of the SM in their capacity as the competent authorities. The RA is the regulatory authority for veterinary medicinal products in Estonia, except for their use by veterinarians and animal keepers, which is in the remit of responsibility of the Agriculture and Food Board (PTA). SM and REM work together also int the field of AMR, a steering group has been established within the Ministry of Social Affairs to combat AMR. It includes 17 organizations and represents all three sectors. The steering group prepared the "Estonian AMR Strategy 2025–2030".  

The task area of the SM extends, amongst others, to questions on nutrition in public institutions in Estonia (nutritional value of food, varied and balanced nutrition).